The world of electric two-wheelers can be a bit confusing. With new models emerging constantly, the lines between an "e-bike" and an "e-motorcycle" can seem blurry. However, understanding the distinctions is crucial, especially when it comes to something as important as insurance coverage.

Let's break down the key differences and explore why those differences directly impact the type of insurance you'll need.

The Core Distinctions: Power, Speed, and Pedals

While both are electric and have two wheels, the primary differentiators between e-bikes and e-motorcycles lie in their power output, top speed capabilities, and the presence (and functionality) of pedals.

Electric Bicycles (E-Bikes):

E-bikes are designed to assist pedaling, not replace it entirely. They are essentially bicycles with an added electric motor.

• Motor Power: E-bikes typically have motors with a maximum power output, often capped at 750 watts (in the US, regulations can vary by region).
• Speed: Their electric assistance generally cuts off at a certain speed, commonly 20 mph or 28 mph, depending on the class of e-bike. Beyond that, you're relying solely on pedal power.
• Pedals: E-bikes always have functional pedals that are meant to be used. The motor simply provides an assist to your pedaling effort.
• Classification: In many places, e-bikes are categorized into different classes (Class 1, 2, 3) based on their top assisted speed and throttle capabilities.
• Legality: They are generally allowed on bicycle paths and trails where regular bicycles are permitted, often without requiring a driver's license, registration, or specific insurance. E bikes that have power over 20 mph have a minimum rider age of 16 and are typically not permitted on sidewalks or trails.

Electric Motorcycles (E-Motorcycles):

E-motorcycles, on the other hand, are built for speed and power, operating much like their gasoline-powered counterparts.

• Motor Power: They feature significantly more powerful motors, often measured in kilowatts (kW), capable of propelling the vehicle to much higher speeds.
• Speed: E-motorcycles can easily exceed 30-40 mph and reach highway speeds, similar to traditional motorcycles.
• Pedals: While some might have vestigial pegs that resemble pedals, they are generally not functional for propulsion. The primary mode of operation is throttle-based.
• Classification: They are legally classified as motorcycles or mopeds/scooters (depending on power/speed), not bicycles.
• Legality: E-motorcycles require a driver's license typically with a motorcycle endorsement, vehicle registration, and often specific motorcycle insurance, just like gas-powered motorcycles. They are typically restricted to roads and highways.

Insuring an E-bike or E-motorcycle

When it comes to insurance, the primary difference between e-bikes and e-motorcycles is mandatory versus optional (although, likely still very necessary). For standard, legal Class 1, 2, or 3 e-bikes, insurance is generally NOT legally mandatory, but it is highly recommended due to the high replacement cost and liability risk. For e-motorcycles, the rules are clear: they are treated like their gasoline-powered counterparts, which means insurance is almost always mandatory to legally operate the vehicle on public roads.

Theft of an E-bike Standard home and renters policies have steep limitations when it comes to e-bikes. In fact, don’t assume your home or renters policy covers you. E-bikes are expensive, costing several thousand dollars. This makes them attractive targets for thieves. Without insurance, replacing your e-bike could be a significant financial hit.

Most standard home and renters policies only cover theft that occurs on your premises. Your policy may only cover the actual value of your e-bike, which is the value of your bike, including depreciation. You may also have to pay a deductible, which is the amount you must pay before your insurance coverage kicks in.

And if your e-bike is stolen away from home, like on a ride or commuting to work, you won’t be covered at all.

Injury to Others & Property Damage

High-speed e-bikes can pose risks to pedestrians, cyclists and others sharing the road. If you accidentally injure someone or damage property while operating your e-bike, you could be held legally liable for property damage and the medical bills of those involved.

Tips for Protecting Your E-bike

• Invest in high-quality locks. Use them every time you leave your bike unattended, even if it’s just for a few moments.

• Register your e-bike or microcar if your local government allows it. This can help authorities recover it if it’s stolen.
• Mark it using distinguishing features. Add a GPS tracker to help locate it if it’s stolen.
• Follow proper safety practices to reduce accidents. Take a bike safety class to stay current with the local laws. Bonus: Some safety classes qualify for insurance discounts.

Consult Your Trusted Insurance Advisor

We recommend consulting your trusted insurance advisor before getting an e-bike or e-motorcycle, to have a comprehensive understanding of what kind of coverage you will need. Call or text us with any of your e-bike or e-motorcycle insurance questions – we’re here to help!